However, this mark on the skin carries a story of great medical and social importance and represents one of the most significant milestones in the global fight against disease.
That distinctive scar comes from the smallpox vaccine, one of the most widespread and successful immunization campaigns in history. For several decades during the 20th century, millions of people around the world were vaccinated in an effort to eradicate this infectious disease, which had caused countless deaths over the centuries. The vaccine, administered on a massive scale until the late 1970s in many countries, left an unmistakable mark because of the way it was given.
A Very Different Vaccination Method
Unlike modern vaccines, which are usually administered with a single-needle syringe, the smallpox vaccine was delivered using a bifurcated needle designed to make multiple punctures in the same area of skin, typically between 10 and 15. This procedure caused a mild reaction in the area, which would swell and form a scab. Once healed, it left behind a circular, indented scar that over time became a recognizable feature for an entire generation.
When and Why Vaccination Stopped
The widespread use of this vaccine was discontinued between 1972 and 1980, when the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared smallpox eradicated. Thanks to that historic decision, the virus that caused the disease has completely disappeared from nature. Since then, the vaccine has only been used in very specific cases, such as for certain laboratory workers or military personnel who might be exposed to manipulated versions of the virus.
Smallpox Scar vs. BCG Scar
One common question is whether this scar can be confused with the mark left by the BCG vaccine, which is used against tuberculosis. Although both leave marks on the skin, there are clear differences: the BCG scar is usually more raised and is sometimes located on the right arm, while the smallpox scar is deeper, circular, and generally found on the left arm.
