Professional life may also be affected, especially for those whose work relies heavily on hand function, such as surgeons, craftspeople, or tailors.
In Italy, around 25% of people with rheumatoid arthritis report limitations in leisure activities and difficulties at work, while about 4% are considered completely disabled. Early-onset disease often leads to early anatomical damage, which increases the risk of disability and raises mortality due to extra-articular complications.
In these cases, life expectancy may be reduced by three to ten years. Disability status can be requested when a person’s ability to work is reduced by more than 33%, making them eligible for financial support and practical assistance.
Physical exercise
Regular physical activity is essential for people living with rheumatoid arthritis, as it helps preserve joint mobility and muscle strength. Exercise does not need to be intense; instead, it should be adapted to individual symptoms and respect the limits imposed by inflammation. G
entle activities such as stretching, strengthening exercises, walking, dancing, yoga, Tai Chi, and especially water-based exercise are highly recommended. The buoyancy of water reduces stress on the joints and can be particularly beneficial.
Consistency matters more than intensity. Incorporating movement into your routine several times a week—or even daily—can lead to better results than sporadic, strenuous sessions.
Simple strategies, such as walking part of your commute or tracking daily steps, can help build motivation. Exercise should be viewed as a form of treatment and self-care. When done correctly, it can reduce pain, boost confidence, and support independence, which is vital for personal dignity.
Diet
Diet plays a crucial role in overall health, particularly for those with chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. One of the strongest links between diet and the disease is body weight. Excess weight places additional stress on the joints, often worsening pain, swelling, and stiffness.
The Mediterranean diet is widely recommended. It emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, olive oil, and lean proteins such as fish and poultry. Red meat, processed foods, and packaged products should be limited. Foods with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties—such as turmeric, nuts, seeds, and legumes—may also help alleviate some symptoms.